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Legal Analysis, Policy Analysis, and the Price of Deference: An Empirical Study of Mayo and Chevron

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A huge literature contemplates the theoretical relationship between judicial deference and agency rulemaking. But relatively little empirical work has studied the actual effect of deference on how agencies draft regulations. As a result, some of the most important questions surrounding deference—whether it encourages agencies to focus on policy analysis instead of legal analysis, its relationship […]

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Footloose with Green Shoes: Can Underwriters Profit from IPO Underpricing?

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Why are green shoe options used in initial public offerings (IPOs)? And why do underwriters usually short sell an issuer’s stock in connection with its IPO? Are underwriters permitted to profit from these trading positions? Scholars have long argued that underwriters use green shoe options together with short sales to facilitate price stabilizing activities, and […]

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Collaborative Governance Under the Endangered Species Act: An Empirical Analysis of Protective Regulations

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Recent conservation and administrative law scholarship emphasizes the need for potential legal adversaries to work together. Stakeholders and regulators can pool their political capital, money, property, expertise, and legal leverage to achieve more than could be accomplished through mere mechanical implementation of statutory commands. Most commentators associate collaboration with programs promoting fuzzy objectives to engage […]

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Reviewing Administrative Review

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In the largest system of federal adjudication—Social Security disability adjudication—outcomes depend more on the randomly assigned judge than on the strength of the case. Does the administrative appeals process use resources effectively to reduce that arbitrariness and limit the discretion of administrative law judges? If not, how and why does it fail? These are empirical […]

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The Separation of Voting and Control: The Role of Contract in Corporate Governance

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The default rules of corporate law make shareholders’ control rights a function of their voting power. Whether a director is elected or a merger is approved depends on how shareholders vote. Yet, in private corporations shareholders routinely alter their rights by contract. This phenomenon of shareholder agreements—contracts among the owners of a firm— has received […]

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The Non-Consequentialist Uses of Economic Analysis: A Comment on Dagan and Kreitner, Economic Analysis in Law

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Introduction Dagan and Kreitner have offered a rich and elegantly written discussion of the normative uses of economic analysis of law. For Dagan and Kreitner, a scholar uses economic analysis normatively either when she evaluates a legal rule or institution or when she makes policy recommendations. These two normative uses of economic analysis are closely […]

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Response to Jennifer Arlen on The Essential Role of Empirical Analysis in Developing Law and Economics Theory

Tamar Kricheli Katz† Jennifer Arlen’s The Essential Role of Empirical Analysis in Developing Law and Economics Theory explores the relationship between law-and-economics theory and empirical analysis. The paper provides a rich discussion of empirical-analysis examples to inform normative theoretical understandings.  The paper focuses on empirical investigation of decision making, documenting the instances and conditions in […]

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The Sustainable Corporate Governance Initiative in Europe

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In July 2020, the European Commission published the “Study on directors’ duties and sustainable corporate governance” by Ernst & Young (EY). The Report purports to find evidence of debilitating short-termism in EU corporate governance and recommends many changes to support sustainable corporate governance. In this paper, we point out deep flaws in the Report’s evidence […]

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ESG Investing Under ERISA

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Introduction The Department of Labor (“DOL”), through its administration of ERISA, has a critical role to play in the regulation of private “employee pension benefit plans.”. Most importantly, the DOL is tasked with enforcing the fiduciary duties of ERISA plan managers (trustees who retain investment and voting authority or “investment managers” who receive such authority […]

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Killing Innovation?: Antitrust Implications of Killer Acquisitions

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Killer instinct is a key business asset. Firms live and die by their strategic choices, and the desire to outcompete rivals colors most business decisions. While many firms strive to win market share on their merits, economists have recently identified an anti-competitive practice—killer acquisition—that enables incumbents to maintain market share by burying, rather than beating, […]

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But Facebook’s Not a Country: How to Interpret Human Rights Law for Social Media Companies

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Private social media companies regulate much more speech than any government does, and their platforms are being used to bring about serious harm. Yet companies govern largely on their own, and in secret.  To correct this, advocates have proposed that companies follow international human-rights law.  That law–by far the world’s best-known rules for governing speech–could improve […]

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Applying International Human Rights Law for Use by Facebook

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In recent years, social media platforms have been beset with hate speech, misinformation, disinformation, incitement of violence, and other content that cause real-world harm. Social media companies, focusing solely on profit-maximization and user-engagement, have been largely asleep at the wheel during outbreaks of violence in countries such as Myanmar, Sri Lanka, New Zealand, and India–events […]

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Regulation and Innovation: Approaching Market Failure from Both Sides

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Regulation is often claimed to be the enemy of socially desirable innovation because of factors including innovation’s unpredictability and regulation’s compliance costs. In this essay, we bring two intellectual property scholars’ perspectives to bear on the question of regulation’s impact on innovation. We offer a novel, yet intuitive, analytical framework that takes both market demand […]